====== Software Setup ======

  - Use the Raspberry Pi Imager utility to program the Raspberry Pi OS image to the microSD card as shown below.
    - Insert the microSD card in the microSD card reader and plug the microSD card reader into the computer\\ \\ <WRAP box>{{ :pibot:lesson1:softwarewin:s0.png |Insert microSD card}}</WRAP>
    - Open the rpi-imager app from the Applications\Raspberry Pi Imager folder on the Flash drive\\ \\ <WRAP round tip>If it ask "Do you want to allow this app to make changes to your device?" click the "Yes" button</WRAP>
    - Select the "CHOOSE OS" button\\ \\ <WRAP box>{{ :pibot:lesson1:softwarewin:s1.png |Initial Screen}}</WRAP>
    - Select the "Raspberry Pi OS (other)" option from the list\\ \\ <WRAP box>{{ :pibot:lesson1:softwarewin:s2.png |Selecting Image Type}}</WRAP>
    - Select the "Raspberry Pi OS Lite (32-bit)" option from the list\\ \\ <WRAP box>{{ :pibot:lesson1:softwarewin:s3.png |Selecting Image File}}</WRAP>
    - Select the "CHOOSE STORAGE" button\\ \\ <WRAP box>{{ :pibot:lesson1:softwarewin:s4.png |Main Screen}}</WRAP>
    - Select the microSD card\\ \\ <WRAP round tip>The size of the microSD card should be approximately 16GB</WRAP> <WRAP round tip>If the microSD card already has an image on it then it will show Mounted as /Volumes/boot</WRAP> <WRAP box>{{ :pibot:lesson1:softwarewin:s5.png |Selecting microSD card}}</WRAP>
    - Hold down the Shift + Control + X keys at the same time to open the Advanced options window
    - Click the box next to the "Set hostname:" option and change the value to "pibot##" where the ## comes from the label on the PiBot\\ \\ <WRAP round tip>Use the Backspace key to delete the value already there</WRAP> <WRAP box>{{ :pibot:lesson1:softwarewin:s5a.png |Advanced options - Hostname}}</WRAP>
    - Click the box next to the "Enable SSH" option and set the password for the pi user to "DogsAndCatsAreNice2."\\ \\ <WRAP box>{{ :pibot:lesson1:softwarewin:s5b.png |Advanced options - SSH}}</WRAP>
    - Scroll down, click the box next to the "Configure wifi" option and type the SSID, password, and select the Wifi country for your Wifi network\\ \\ <WRAP round tip>The SSID and password for will be filled in by default based on the network your computer is connected to</WRAP> <WRAP round tip>Click the box next to the "Show password" option to see the Wifi password</WRAP> <WRAP round tip>If your wireless network doesn't have a password, skip this step and follow the instructions [[:pibot:lesson1:softwarewin:wifi|here]] after finishing the steps below to write the SD Card</WRAP> <WRAP round tip>If you are outside the United States then use the Wifi country code with the appropriate [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ISO_3166_country_codes|ISO 3166 alpha-2 country code]]</WRAP> <WRAP box>{{ :pibot:lesson1:softwarewin:s5c.png |Advanced options - Wifi}}</WRAP>
    - Scroll down, click the box next to the "Set locale settings" option and select the Timezone and Keyboard settings for your location\\ \\ <WRAP round tip>The Timezone and Keyboard will be filled in by default based on your computer settings</WRAP> <WRAP round tip>If you are outside the United States then use the Timezone with the appropriate [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tz_database_time_zones|TZ Database Time Zone]]</WRAP> <WRAP box>{{ :pibot:lesson1:softwarewin:s5d.png |Advanced options - Locale}}</WRAP>
    - Click the Save button to close the Advanced options window and return to the main window 
    - Select the "WRITE" button\\ \\ <WRAP box>{{ :pibot:lesson1:softwarewin:s6.png |Final Screen}}</WRAP>
    - Click the "YES" button when asked if you want to continue\\ \\ <WRAP round tip>If asked for your password to continue, enter it to give permission to write to the microSD card</WRAP> <WRAP box>{{ :pibot:lesson1:softwarewin:s7.png |Confirmation Prompt}}</WRAP>
    - When the Raspberry Pi Imager utility has finished, click the "CONTINUE" button and close the Raspberry Pi Imager utility
    - Remove the microSD card reader from the computer
  - Remove the microSD card from the microSD card reader and plug it into the Raspberry Pi board as shown below\\ \\ <WRAP box>{{ :pibot:lesson1:softwarewin:s8.png |Insert microSD card}}</WRAP>
  - Install charged 18650 batteries in the 18650 battery box and slide the switch to the "ON" position
  - Wait 3-5 minutes for the green light to stop flashing
  - Open the putty app from the Applications\PuTTY\<version> folder on the Flash drive\\ \\ <WRAP round tip>The <version> folder will be something like "0.75". Use the latest version available.</WRAP>
  - Type "pibot##" in the Host Name (or IP address)" box where the ## comes from the label on the PiBot.\\ \\ <WRAP box>{{ :pibot:lesson1:softwarewin:s9.png |PuTTY Configuration}}</WRAP>
  - Click the "Open" button to connect to the Raspberry Pi terminal via SSH\\ \\ <WRAP box>{{ :pibot:lesson1:softwarewin:s10.png |PuTTY Open Connection}}</WRAP>
  - If a "PuTTY Security Alert" window pops up, click the "Accept" button\ \\ <WRAP box>{{ :pibot:lesson1:softwarewin:s11.png |PuTTY Security Alert}}</WRAP>
  - Type "pi" at the "login as:" prompt and press Enter\\ \\ <WRAP round important>The password to enter when prompted is "DogsAndCatsAreNice2." without the quotes. The '.' at the end is important!</WRAP><WRAP box>{{ :pibot:lesson1:softwarewin:s12.png |PuTTY Login}}</WRAP>
  - Perform the following steps to enable the I2C interface on the Raspberry Pi board
    - Type the following command and press enter to run the Raspberry Pi configuration utility\\ \\ <code>sudo raspi-config</code>
    - Use the up and down arrow keys to select the "Interfacing Options" menu item and then press the enter key\\ \\ <WRAP box>{{ :pibot:lesson1:softwarewin:s13.png |Main Menu}}</WRAP>
    - Use the up and down arrow keys to select the "I2C" menu item and press the enter key\\ \\ <WRAP box>{{ :pibot:lesson1:softwarewin:s14.png |Interface Menu}}</WRAP>
    - Use the left and right arrow keys to select the "Yes" option and press the enter key\\ \\ <WRAP box>{{ :pibot:lesson1:softwarewin:s15.png |I2C Enable}}</WRAP>
    - Select the "Ok" option and press the enter key\\ \\ <WRAP box>{{ :pibot:lesson1:softwarewin:s16.png |I2C Confirmed}}</WRAP>
    - Use the left and right arrow keys to select the "Finish" option and press the enter key\\ \\ <WRAP box>{{ :pibot:lesson1:softwarewin:s17.png |Exit}}</WRAP>
  - Type the following commands and press enter after each line to install the rpi.GPIO library and the PIP3 application\\ \\ <WRAP round tip>Answer "yes" or "y" when asked to install extra packages or continue</WRAP> <code>sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo apt-get install python3-rpi.gpio python3-pip</code>
  - Type the following command and press enter to install the Adafruit-pca9685 library\\ \\ <code>sudo pip3 install adafruit-pca9685</code>
  - Type the following commands and press enter to create a directory for the PiBot code\\ \\ <code>mkdir -p ~/pibot
cd ~/pibot</code>
  - Type the following command and press enter to download the Python code for this lesson\\ \\ <code>wget http://osoyoo.com/driver/picar/picar-basic.py</code>
  - Place the PiBot on the floor in an area that is free of any obstacles
  - Type the following command and press enter to make the PiBot move\\ \\ <code>python3 picar-basic.py</code>
  - Type the following command and press enter to close the SSH connection\\ \\ <code>exit</code>

===== Software Explanation =====

  - To view the code that makes the PiBot run perform the following steps
    - Open the VSCode from the Applications directory on the flash drive
    - Click on the small green square in the bottom left corner of the screen\\ \\ <WRAP box>{{ :pibot:lesson1:softwarewin:s18.png |VSCode Main Screen}}</WRAP>
    - Select the "Remote-SSH: Connect Current Window to Host..." option\\ \\ <WRAP box>{{ :pibot:lesson1:softwarewin:s19.png |VSCode Remote-SSH}}</WRAP>
    - Type "pi@pibot##" and press enter\\ \\ <WRAP round important>Replace the text "pibot##" with the label on the PiBot</WRAP> <WRAP round important>If a "Windows Security Alert" window pops up, click the "Allow access" button</WRAP> <WRAP round tip>It may take a couple of minutes while it installs some files on the PiBot</WRAP> <WRAP box>{{ :pibot:lesson1:softwarewin:s20.png |VSCode Remote Connection}}</WRAP>
    - Select "Linux" for the platform of the remote host\\ \\ <WRAP round important>If it asks "are you sure you want to continue" select "continue" to finish connecting</WRAP> <WRAP round important>The password to enter when prompted is "DogsAndCatsAreNice2." without the quotes. The '.' at the end is important!</WRAP> <WRAP round tip>It may take a couple of minutes while it installs some files on the PiBot</WRAP> <WRAP box>{{ :pibot:lesson1:softwarewin:s21.png |VSCode Remote Connection}}</WRAP>

    - Click the "Open Folder" button\\ \\ <WRAP box>{{ :pibot:lesson1:softwarewin:s22.png |VSCode Open Folder}}</WRAP>
    - Select the "pibot" folder and click the "OK" button\\ \\ <WRAP round important>The password to enter when prompted is "DogsAndCatsAreNice2." without the quotes. The '.' at the end is important!</WRAP> <WRAP round tip>If it asks "Do you trust the authors of the files in this folder?" click the "Yes, I trust the authors" button</WRAP> <WRAP box>{{ :pibot:lesson1:softwarewin:s23.png |VSCode Browse}}</WRAP>
    - Select the picar-basic.py file in the list on the left\\ \\ <WRAP round tip>If it asks to install the recommended extensions, click the install button</WRAP> <WRAP round important>The password to enter when prompted is "DogsAndCatsAreNice2." without the quotes. The '.' at the end is important!</WRAP> <WRAP box>{{ :pibot:lesson1:softwarewin:s24.png |VSCode picar-basic.py}}</WRAP>
  - Find line 20 in the picar-basic.py file. What is the name of the variable? What value is assigned to the variable? What do you think this value controls on the PiBot?\\ \\ <WRAP round tip>The line numbers are displayed to the left of each line of text and are a feature of the Visual Studio Code editor</WRAP> <WRAP round tip>Variables are short "words" that can hold values. They allow you to change the value in one place and have it updated in multiple places in the code. They also allow the code to change the value of the variable.</WRAP> <WRAP round tip>Values are assigned to variables using the '=' character</WRAP>
  - Find the other places in the code where this variable is used. How many of them are there?\\ \\<WRAP round tip>When you see some text followed by a '(' with some more text and then a ')' that is a function call. The text before the '(' is the function name. The text between the '(' and ')' are parameters that get passed to the function. What the function does is defined by a 'def' in front of the function name somewhere in the code.</WRAP> <WRAP round tip>Functions allow a common set of steps to be used in many places in the code without having to type in all of those steps each time.</WRAP>
  - Find the definition of the function that uses the variable. What does the function do?\\ \\ <WRAP round tip>In the definition of the function, the text between the '(' and ')' may be different from when it is called. When the function is called, the variable that is passed to it replaces the name from the definition.</WRAP> <WRAP round tip>See the [[:pibot:lesson1#electrical_description|Electrical Description]] section on the previous page for a description of what the pwm does</WRAP>
  - How would you change the code to make the PiBot move faster? How about to make it move slower? Make one of those changes to the code and save it using File->Save.
  - Open a terminal in Visual Studio Code from the Terminal->New Terminal menu
  - Type the following command and press enter to make the PiBot move with your changes\\ \\ <code>python3 picar-basic.py</code>
  - Try out the other change to the code following the same steps
  - When you're finished testing out your changes type the following command in the terminal and press enter to shutdown the PiBot\\ \\ <code>sudo shutdown -h now</code>
  - Click on the small green rectangle in the bottom left corner of the screen and select "Close Remote Connection"
  - Wait 3-5 minutes for the green light on the Raspberry Pi to stop flashing and turn off the switch on the PiBot battery

[[:pibot:lesson1#software|Return to Lesson 1]]